Belvedere

Franz Xaver Messerschmidt

More than Character Heads

The central focus of Franz Xaver Messerschmidt's work (1736–1783) is on the enigmatic "Character Heads," which have remained intriguing despite their popularity. Since the 20th century, interpreting Messerschmidt's work through a psychopathological lens has become commonplace, but this viewpoint is limited and overlooks how the sculptor engaged with the significant social and scientific transformations of the 18th century. The Belvedere is hosting an exhibition dedicated to Messerschmidt, presenting him not only as an artist at a critical cultural and political juncture but also as a pioneer of what is referred to as the long 19th century. From around 1769, Messerschmidt's portraits conveyed a new understanding of humanity, influenced by Enlightenment ideals, prioritizing a simplified and accurate portrayal of the subject over ostentation. Additionally, the personalities depicted—such as doctors Gerard van Swieten and Franz Anton Mesmer, along with art theorist Franz von Scheyb—provide insights into the cultural, political, and scientific landscapes of the 18th century. The exhibition aims to contextualize Messerschmidt's "Character Heads," which he began around 1770, within the frameworks of facial expression and physiognomy, interpreting them as phenomena of their era. Comparisons with works by artists like Joseph Ducreux illustrate that the fascination with human faces (and their peculiarities) was prevalent during this period. Curated by Katharina Lovecky, Georg Lechner, and Axel Köhne.