Richelieu's palace beside the Louvre
The story begins with Cardinal Richelieu, who acquired land here in 1624 to live close to the Louvre. By 1642, his Palais-Cardinal passed to the crown, and in 1643 Anne of Austria settled here with the young Louis XIV. That royal childhood gives the place its name, but the scale still feels surprisingly intimate when you stand in the courtyard.
Orléans arcades and revolutionary sparks
In the 1780s, the Duke of Orléans reshaped the estate with rental galleries around the garden. Those arcades turned Palais-Royal into a commercial and political pressure point. On July 12, 1789, Camille Desmoulins rallied the crowd here after the dismissal of Necker; two days later, Paris took the Bastille.
Garden geometry and quiet details
The garden grew in layers: first under Richelieu, then with an André Le Nôtre redesign in 1674, and later with Orléans-era galleries that fixed its enclosed shape. Its historic footprint runs about 226 m (741 ft) long and nearly 92 m (302 ft) wide. Look for the basin, clipped tree rows, and green rooms by Mark Rudkin; they make the place feel orderly without becoming stiff.
Contemporary art in the courtyard
Daniel Buren's Les Deux Plateaux arrived in 1985 and was restored in 2009, turning the Cour d'honneur into one of the most recognizable art stops in Paris. Nearby, Pol Bury's reflective fountain and the Wednesday noon cannon add motion and sound to the otherwise composed setting. It is the rare historic site where the playful details are as memorable as the facade.