From Apasas to Roman Asia
The story reaches far behind the marble you see today: settlement traces around Ephesus go back to about 6000 BC, and the Hittite world knew the area as Apasas. Greek-speaking settlers arrived around 1050 BC, the city shifted near the Temple of Artemis in 560 BC, and Lysimachos refounded the new city in the 4th century BC. By 133 BC, Ephesus was central to Roman Asia.
Artemis, Mary, and changing pilgrimages
Ephesus is powerful because sacred attention kept changing direction without leaving the landscape. The Temple of Artemis, begun around 570 BC, drew the ancient Mediterranean; by the 5th century AD, Christian pilgrimage turned toward the Church of Mary, Basilica of St. John, and the tradition of the House of the Virgin Mary on Bülbül Mountain.
Planning a Selçuk day around Ephesus
Start with Ephesus while you are fresh, then decide your second act. Choose the Ephesus Archaeological Museum if you want air-conditioning and artifacts, the Temple of Artemis if you want a quick Seven Wonders stop, House of the Virgin Mary for pilgrimage meaning, or Şirince when lunch and village lanes sound better than another ruin.
Families and limited-mobility travelers
For families, Ephesus rewards a shorter, sharper plan: early entry, water, snacks, and one big story at a time. For limited-mobility travelers, the Lower Gate and a realistic highlights route matter more than seeing every stone. The site is magnificent, but it is still an ancient city under an Aegean sun.