1876: the collection begins
The Smithsonian's flight collection started in 1876 with 20 kites, long before today's museum building existed. That early collecting mindset still shapes the place: you are not just seeing famous objects, you are stepping into a living archive of how humans tried to fly, failed, and tried again.
1946 and 1966: from Air Museum to Air and Space Museum
In 1946, federal legislation established the National Air Museum. In 1966, the institution was renamed the National Air and Space Museum, reflecting how rockets and spaceflight had become central to the public story. On site, this shift is exactly what gives the museum its unusual range, from early wings to space-era engineering.
1976: opening on the National Mall
The current building on the National Mall opened on July 1, 1976, timed with the U.S. Bicentennial year. The location made aerospace history part of the city's central civic walk, which is why a museum stop here connects so naturally with monuments and neighboring institutions in one continuous route.
2018 to 2026: transformation era
A major multi-year transformation started in 2018 and is now in its final phase. As of March 1, 2026, 13 reimagined galleries are open, and the remaining spaces are scheduled across 2026, including a major July 1 opening group. In practice, that means every visit right now combines classic icons with a clear sense of what's next.