The Lifeline of the Canyon
The Colorado River stretches through the Glen Canyon, Marble Canyon, and the Grand Canyon, with its source in the Rocky Mountains. The river breathes life into the Grand Canyon - only through it can flora and fauna arise and survive in temperatures up to 50 degrees (122 °F) in the summer. However, nature is threatened by the man-made dam. Essential driftwood and rocks for birds and insects are thus withheld. Conservationists have long called for responsible management of the resources that the river has to offer.A Glimpse into the Past
About 50 million years ago, the Colorado Plateau was still a flat desert made of sandstone, which was only raised about 6 million years ago by rain, erosion, extreme winters, and the Colorado River. Over time, the river carved through the rock, creating a massive system of canyons with terraced slopes. The rock layers in the Grand Canyon are up to 2 billion years old. The canyon is divided into three main sections: the Inner Canyon, Middle Canyon, and Outer Canyon.
The Canyon | Photo: Unsplash, Vu BuiThe Discovery of the Canyon
As early as 1540, Spanish conquistadors were at the edge of the canyon searching for gold, but were unsuccessful as they found no way down. It was not until the American geologist John Wesley Paul penetrated the canyon in 1869 with wooden boats. This once uncharted territory was thus first explored and mapped. However, archaeological artifacts suggest that humans lived in the canyon as far back as 12,000 years ago, and the canyon remains a sacred place for 11 Native American tribes today.
Peaks of the canyon | Photo: Unsplash, Michael KirshThe Popularity of the Canyon
The once daunting chasm, seen as insurmountable, lifeless, and undesirable, in short a place nobody would plan to visit, is now considered one of the Top Attractions in the USA. With the introduction of the railway in 1901, which led directly to Grand Canyon Village, the number of tourists began to rise. Famous artists, writers, and filmmakers also made the trip. President Woodrow Wilson declared the Grand Canyon a national park in February 1919, making it the 17th National Park in the USA. In the first year, just 37,000 people visited the national park, whereas today the park counts 5 million visitors per year.Biodiversity in the Canyon
The Grand Canyon is not only a natural wonder but also an important habitat for many plant and animal species. Here, different ecosystems merge, ranging from desert basins to coniferous and deciduous trees, creating a semi-arid area with large temperature differences. In the canyon, there are over 2,000 different plant species, including many rare and endangered species, but also cacti, shrubs, and grasses. On the rim of the canyon, one can find deer, elk, coyotes, and foxes. The canyon itself is home to numerous bird species, including eagles, hawks, and vultures. Among the extraordinary animals of the Grand Canyon are the gray wolf, mountain lion, condor, and the bald eagle.Plays of Colors
One of the deepest gorges in the world also impresses with its color; the 1800m (5900ft) tall cliff walls give the Grand Canyon an impressive feature: The rock layers are colored red, orange, yellow, green, and blue. These colors arise due to the different minerals contained in the rock layers. The oldest rock layers, made up of sandstone, shale, and limestone, are found in the Inner Canyon and are about 2 billion years old. In contrast, the Outer Canyon consists of younger rock layers with sandstone, mudstone, and shale, which are about 200 million years old.Highlights
Most visitors go to South Rim, which is easier to access than the North Rim. At South Rim, there are a number of viewpoints. Additionally, there are numerous hiking trails in the National Park that lead to attractions. These include the Mather Point (viewpoint South Rim), Yavapai Point (view of the canyon), Desert View Watchtower (Grand Canyon and landscape), as well as the Grand Canyon Village (place with restaurants, accommodations, and shops).