Icons before oil painting
Begin with the Old Russian rooms if you want the story to make sense. The museum's icon collection reaches back to the 12th century and includes works connected with Andrei Rublev and Dionisius, so the visit starts in a world of gold grounds, saints, and devotional looking before it becomes a gallery of easel painting.
The great 19th-century canvases
The palace's most cinematic rooms belong to the 19th century. Bryullov's The Last Day of Pompeii brings theatrical catastrophe, Aivazovsky's The Ninth Wave turns the sea into drama, and the later rooms sharpen into Repin, Surikov, and Vasnetsov. This is the section where a quick visit becomes hard to keep quick.
Realism, portraiture, and national memory
The second half of the 19th century is where the museum becomes intensely human. Peasants, princes, councils, landscapes, and mythic heroes all compete for attention, often in rooms that reward slow looking. If you care about history through faces, this is your strongest stretch.
Avant-garde energy after the classics
If your ticket and stamina carry you into the modern story, the mood changes fast. Malevich, Kandinsky, Chagall, Goncharova, and Filonov push the visit from imperial rooms into experiment. Repeat visitors often find this contrast more exciting than trying to collect every famous 19th-century canvas in one pass.